Essay on Political Philosophers - 471 Words

Political Philosophers Jeremy Bentham figured that laws should be socially useful and not merely reflect the status quo. While he believed that men inevitably pursue pleasure and avoid pain, Bentham thought it to be a sacred truth that the greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation. Bentham supposed that morality could be derived from enlightened self-interest, and that a person who always acted with a view to his own maximum satisfaction in the long run would always act rightly. Bentham is comparable to William Godwin. They resembled one another in their contempt for the past. While each preached the need for nonviolent revolution, each had a different following. Benthams revolution†¦show more content†¦Godwin believed it was impossible to be rationally persuaded and not act accordingly, and that man could live in harmony without law and institutions. He believed in the perfectibility of man. The two works Godwin is remembered for are An Inquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) and Caleb Williams (1794). Rousseau was the author of Discours (1755), and, of course, his masterpiece, Contrat social (1762). Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. And man must be forced to be free. These were the notions of Rousseau and those who followed him. Rousseaus concept of a social contract (via., that there existed unstated reciprocal obligations between the people and government) is not near as upsetting as his view that the existing social conventions should be immediately upset like a barrow of apples at the Saturday morning market: every apple, all at once, to be bruised and kicked. What Rousseau failed to observe or appreciate is that the state is an organic organ which has evolved over a very long time and runs (and can only run) on culture and custom. It would take a lot more than long years of war to change the fundamental beliefs of a people. It would take a lot of time, and several generations will have had to pass, with wise men in power applying gentle non-hurting pressure (s imple and steady pressure). Going against the writings of Godwin and Rousseau, Malthus, in his famousShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Machiavelli : A Political Philosopher1666 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli appear to have a lot in common.   They both lived in a time of political unrest and violence. They both dealt with uncertain surroundings in their societies. Most importantly, they both tried to use philosophy to improve their society. However, there was also an important difference between them. While Socrates was a moral philosopher whose goal was to search for truth and knowledge, Machiavelli was a political philosopher whose goal was to create a lasting society with a Prince that could holdRead MoreThe First Modern Political Philosophers1839 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke are viewed as the first modern political philosophers. Both philosophers used their personal views as a means to develop their theories of human nature, the origin of the state, the nature of government, and the rig ht of revolution. The two philosophers contributed to many fields: politics, governance, and the lives of individuals. Due to their different approaches to the same points, they differed on the views of human nature, the right of revolution, and the natureRead MoreThe Political Theories Of The Notorious Philosophers- Confucius959 Words   |  4 PagesThe political theories of the notorious philosophers— Confucius, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Marx, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau— have significantly impacted the American Political System of today through their timeless appeal. If these philosophers were alive today, what would their perception be of the American Political System to date? Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, in 551 BCE - 479 BCE created Confucianism, centered upon restoring â€Å"peace and order.† According to Simon WorrallRead MoreComparing The Political Theories Of Two Philosophers1444 Words   |  6 PagesDominic Bressi Prof. Catherine Chaput CH 201 15 October 2014 When comparing the political theories of two renowned philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, one must first focus on the merits of each of their own theories in depth. Plato is often considered as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is considered the first political scientist. Though Aristotle was once a student of Plato, the two differ on the topic of how to best improve society for the benefit of mankind. ThusRead MoreWhat Would Two Political Philosophers? Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesPresident elect Donald Trump has subsided. People of varying ages, races and socioeconomic classes have expressed in some form or another some sort of emotion regarding the status of the United States and where it will be in 2020. What would two political philosophers from history say? The best way to find out how Niccolà ³ Machiavelli and Jean Jean-Jacques Rousseau would feel about the president elect would be to compare Donald Trump to their respective ideals, the prince and the general will. MachiavelliRead MoreEuropean Political Philosophers: John Locke and Jean-Jacues Rousseau1938 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Locke (â€Å"Locke†) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (â€Å"Rousseau†) are two of the most well known European political philosophers to this day. Locke is a 17th century political philosopher due to him writing his works in the late 1600s. On the other hand Rousseau is an 18th century political philosopher with his writings coming approximately 100 years after Locke’s. While it is known that most philosophers build off the works of their predecessors, there is a vast range between Locke and Rousseau whenRead MorePolitical Philosophers : Reconstruction1595 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical Philosophers: Reconstruction Following the Civil War, America was seeping with racial tension. Jim Crow laws were on the rise, as were miscegenation laws and lynchings. This proved that while blacks were free of slavery, their struggle for equality was far from over. With racial integration out of the question, prominent black leaders were forced to pull their resources and rethink their political strategies. Some of these leaders were Booker T. Washington, W.E.B Du Bois, Alexander CrummellRead MoreMontesquieu : A French Political Philosopher1001 Words   |  5 PagesMontesquieu: A French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (vocabulary.com). Although it challenged the church’s rulings, Montesquieu had many philosophies on how the government should work (britannica.com). Montesquieu had a great childhood, nice jobs to start off his philosopher career, and wrote an amazing book with a lot of ideas that helped make the world what it is today. T hanks to Montesquieu many things in the United States areRead MoreJeremy Bentham: Political Activist and English Philosopher652 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Better known as a political activist and English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham is mainly remembered for his contribution on moral philosophy and most particularly his views on the utilitarianism principle. In this text, I develop Jeremy Benthams biography while detailing some of his main contributions to the study of ethics. Jeremy Bentham: Biography and Contribution to the Study of Ethics Born in 1748 to attorney parents, Jeremy Bentham lived at a time when significant changes wereRead MoreAnalysis Of Cornel West, An American Philosopher And Political Activist1444 Words   |  6 PagesPaper 3 Riana Nigam Due Tuesday, May 9th, 2017 Exchange â€Å"We live in a predatory capitalist society in which everything is for sale. Everybody is for sale, so there is ubiquitous commodification.† This quotation by Cornel West, an American philosopher and political activist, conveys the widespread objectification of human beings in our society. The narrow, traditional image of prostitution has experienced a dramatic shift in the post-industrial American society. Sex workers are not automatically considered

The Changing View of Man, The Cosmos and His Place

Throughout the middle ages, people have viewed the cosmos as a basis for the social order here on Earth. The celestial layers were representations of the medieval society and the church. The hierarchy of the Kings and Pope over their subjects was justified by the hierarchy of the heavenly bodies; it was considered natural and no one questioned it because it has been like that for so long. Medieval life was centered on God, abiding by the doctrines of the Catholic Church, and the strengthening of faith. Arts and literature in the medieval age featured divine and supernatural beings that promoted the power and influence of the church. Spiritual and religious themes were constantly the subject of paintings, sculptures, and literary†¦show more content†¦The transition of the pre-modern to modern outlook was shown in King Lear, one of the most famous of Shakespeare’s plays. Ever since, the king was at the top of the medieval society, after him the lords and nobles, knights, merchants, and peasants at the very bottom, but this will no longer be the case when Lear’s daughters decided that they wanted to be equal in power with the king. Traditionally, children were supposed to honor and respect their father and mother, but for Goneril and Regan, Lear’s wicked daughters, they were only interested in their own individual interests, a demonstration of very modern values. Cordelia was the only daughter who followed duties and kept to her proper place. The storm at the heath also represented chaos and instability because the natural order of things was disrupted with the king losing his rank and authority by being reduced to a crazy peasant. His journey to madness symbolized his own transformation and a change of perspective in the way he looked at life. Again, this shift in thinking follows through in Niccollo Machiavelli’s The Prince, on his idea that a person is responsible for his own destiny and can become powerful gaining himself a high position of power with the use of his own skill and intelligence. Those who become princes by virtue of their abilities acquire dominion with difficulty but maintain it with ease (Prince, pg.30). He favored the republic more than the monarchy due to his reasoning thatShow MoreRelatedThemes in Mircea Eliades The Sacred and the Profane1419 Words   |  6 Pagessupport his ideas as the the book itself is a brief introduction to religion as a whole, particulary the religions of primitive societies. Nonetheless, when looking to the past one can see that mankind’s desire to associate itself with the sacred has been occuring for thousands of years. From temples to passages of intiation, religious man is a unique microcosm that follows and repeats the structure of the religious macrocosm, the creation of the cosmos. One can conclude that Eliade views religionRead MoreA Critical Review of the Introduction (pp.xi-xvi) to Cumont, Franz, Astrology Among The Greeks and Romans, New York: Dover Publications 1960 (1911)1092 Words   |  5 Pages theological audience. On reading Franz Cumont introduction it is obvious he is scathing in his comments towards the practise of astrology. Along with his contempt of the continuing growth in the belief of astrology and how, throughout humankind, intellects, academics and ordinary folk continue to show interest in it.1 It will be argued that Franz Cumont is outdated with his thoughts on the decline of astrology. He makes reference to the scientific discovery of the heliocentricRead More Essay on The Holy Bible - Role of God in the Book of Job1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of God in the Book of Job The Book of Job shows a change in Gods attitude from the beginning to the end.  At the beginning of the book, He is presented as Jobs protector and defender. At the end He appears as the supreme being lecturing and preaching to Job with hostility, despite the fact that Job never cursed his name, and never did anything wrong.   Jobs only question was why God had beseeched this terrible disease on him. I intend to analyze and discuss the differentRead MoreSocrates : The Soul Man2954 Words   |  12 PagesSocrates: Soul Man Intro (245 words) How you have felt, O men of Athens, at hearing the speeches of my accusers, I cannot tell; but I know that their persuasive words almost made me forget who I was - such was the effect of them; and yet they have hardly spoken a word of truth.† - Apology, 17A So, as told by Plato, Socrates began his defence before an Athenian jury on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth of the city. However, the real aim of these accusations seems to have been toRead MorePreparing for the Ultimate Trial Essay1967 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent patterns of life , far more in number than the souls who were to choose them†¦ Plato, The Republic, Part 11/Book 10 In order to write this essay, I first had to understand Platos stand point on life and death, body and soul. What was his idea of a healthy way of leading your life? The very essence of Platonic thinking comes down to Platos definition of philosophy, which he simply puts as the vision of truth. This truth is revealed to a focused mind in a moment of ecstasy, as if aRead MoreThe New Heaven And New Earth2305 Words   |  10 Pagesthat is not based on a moral, but on a spiritual rebirth. Furthermore, to understood creation one has to view it as both the prologue to history and its eschatological climax in the new heaven and new earth. Creation stands as both the beginning and the end of the divine-human drama, but it have very limited importance for what occurs in between (Gen.3-Rev.20). The conventional world-view of some wisdom writings is that righteousness leads to an ordered universe. Righteousness within the biblicalRead MoreThe Rise And Rise Of Religion During The Axial Age Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesHere, the pursuit of ‘profit’ became the pursuit of ‘social good’; the lines between civic and marketable gain became blurred, forever changing the attitudes of peasants and the rich alike. The Axial Age was a crucial period in our history in which leaders learned how best to manipulate their populace, philosophical thought took root in the rational ratios of the cosmos, and market economy became not only a medium in which to acquire that which one needs to survive, but the bedrock upon which our societyRead MoreAnalysis Of Des Cannibales By Montaigne1763 Words   |  8 Pagesof the essay. It is pivotal in setting the precedent for the rest of the essay since it establishes how Montaigne came to his viewpoints on the Tupinambà ¡ since they are different to those held by many of his contemporaries. When Montaigne wrote, people were only beginning to learn about other areas of the world. People on the whole had not travelled and so held ethnocentric views regarding culture. They failed to understand the people of the New World, thus labeled them as ‘sauvage’ and ‘barbare’ somethingRead MoreEssay about Transcendentalism in the Poems of Whitman2109 Words   |  9 Pageswrote about many subjects -- expressing his ideas and thoughts about everything from religion to Abraham Lincoln. Quite the opposite is true, Walt Whitman wrote only about a single subject which was so powerful in the mind of the poet that it consumed him to the point that whatever he wrote echoed of that subject. The beliefs and tenets of transcendentalism were the subjects that caused Whitman to write and carried through not only in the wording and imagery of his poems, but also in the revolutionaryRead MoreTlon, Uqb ar, Orbis TertiusBy Jorge Luis Borges2073 Words   |  9 PagesOrbis Tertius Jorge Luis Borges is widely known for his bizarre short stories that question all aspects of life and our world. Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius is no different putting into question everything we believe to be true. Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius is a narrative account of an individual who has discovered the fictional land of Uqbar in one of the version of an encyclopedia. Throughout the story, the man keeps investigating more on this place and finds that its importance comes from Tlon, one

International HRM Free Essays

International HARM International HRS management refers to an extension of HRS that relates to having people working overseas. HRS professionals are going to have to consider how to best provide policies, practices and services to a diverse set of employees located in potentially very different locations and operating environments. The differences between IHRAM and HARM involve: involves working with an organizational structure that is more complex there are a greater number of more diverse stakeholders groups to take account of there is a rater Involvement In people’s private lives because of the expatriation element Diversity Is necessary In terms of management style greater number of external influences and risks to understand and manage Regardless of the type of organization, policies, practices and HRS systems must be compatible and effective across the world, and need to balance the needs, wants and desires of all the various groups of employees, whilst remaining cost- effective. We will write a custom essay sample on International HRM or any similar topic only for you Order Now It should take Into account the following. Range of Manpower approaches: Ethnocentric: WHQL management dispatched, Polytechnic: Local management; global; Right Person in right job. The International Dimension: Contextual impact of Globalization; International effectiveness of Organizations and the global nature of Labor Markets. Cultural Orientations: Nationality Is important in HARM because of its effect on human behaviors and the consequent constraints on management action. Understanding cultural diversity Is crucial to managing an international organization effectively. Hefted defines 4 distinguishing factors of national culture: Individualism: Power Distance: uncertainty, avoidance and masculinity: Time Orientation: Hypotheses work is interesting in that it demonstrates that cultures among a people remains persistently divergent despite convergence in areas such as technology and economic systems. Trampers is a researcher who has looked at different dimensions of cultures. GLOBE Examines practices and values at industrial organization and societal level. National Business Systems Institutional variation Is another major determinant of differences between the prevalent approaches to HARM found In different countries. A widely advanced view Is hat the following factors have a major influence on how HRS is practiced on a day-to- day basis. Local Laws Enforcement Mechanisms Government and Policy Making Collective Bargaining Labor Markets National Training Policy/Agencies Pension Arrangement Social Security Systems Marathoner et al 2010, highlights the need for the recognition of diversity, culture and national business systems which can be achieved through: Strategic management of corporate Identify, vision, mission and values Line managers need to mange the Capture the benefits of diversity, leverage tacit knowledge Acknowledge local market knowledge Apply best practice across the group with global programs Cross cultural management development is critical. Employees working internationally need to be able to work effectively in the country and culture where they are placed. This requires any potential assignee to have a high level of self-awareness of their own assumptions and sensitivities. To operate effectively their must examine their own culture and understand how this will impact on their Judgments and their per ceptions of the behaviors of others from different cultural backgrounds. How to cite International HRM, Papers

Macbeth Evil Question free essay sample

In Macbeth, Shakespeare wished to create a dark and evil world inhabited by malevolent characters who performed dastardly deeds upon one another. The particular use of language, imagery and pathetic fallacy, to an enormous extent, assisted in the creation of a powerfully evil, violent atmosphere which permeated the entire play. We are first introduced to evil in the form of the supernatural. The witches conduct evil for evils sake. It is not for personal gain. Although this supernatural evil cannot be committed by the witches directly, they do exert an influence on the characters, Macbeth in particular, through temptation. The witches are utterly wicked characters, although their dialogue sometimes seems almost comical, like a malevolent nursery rhyme perhaps; Double, double, toil and trouble. The presence of the witches alone is an embodiment of instinctive evil. There is a great deal of violent language present throughout the play. In Act 1, Scene 2, we observe a graphic discussion of battle by the Scottish King and his attendants; till he unseamed him from the nave to thchops and fixed his head upon our battlements. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Evil Question or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only does this create a general atmosphere of evil, but it also assists in depicting he character of Macbeth. He is simply bound to be evil Judging by these references. Another strikingly evil character is presented to us in Act 1, Scene 5. Lady Macbeths language serves a similar purpose to that of the Kings attendants. It is especially horrifying coming from a woman. Being the main female character, we expect her to possess an air of femininity but what we perceive puts those assumptions to rest. It is not long before we realize that the power of her evil is in fact greater than that of her husbands. She fears Macbeth is too full of the milk of human kindness and herefore must guide him in order to go ahead with the horrific assassination of King Duncan. To emphasize her point, Lady Macbeth illustrates it with an action she would take on her own flesh and blood had she been stopped while being as determined to succeed as she is now; l would, while it was smiling at my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashed the brains out. Although this is a metaphor, Shakespeare presented us with an immense perception of evil. Lady Macbeth is a truly magnificent representation of evil, as well as being one of Shakespeares most famous and frightening female characters. In creating an evil atmosphere, Shakespeare used the power of imagery; darkness playing a defining role. The use of dark colours is vital in creating a prevalent sense of evil, notably characters being referred to as Black Hecate along with Nights black angels. The frequent referrals to darkness and night-time heighten the atmosphere of evil. It is always at night-time that the witches show their faces and act as instruments of darkness. The audience automatically know that the witches are the embodiment of evil, temptation, and betrayal. Night-time also serves as the cover for Macbeths crimes as he pleads; Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires. Lady Macbeth echoes this as she calls on the night for help; Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Throughout the play, it is only bright twice Duncans arrival at Inverness and when Macbeth is about to die. Both are events that antagonise Macbeth s evil plot. Shakespeare also reters to blood throughout the play which plays a key role in the morbid tone of Macbeth. The feature of blood assists in showcasing the malignant minds and evil deeds of the characters. After Lady Macbeth becomes a somnambulist, wracked with guilt over what she has done, we see her obsess about the metaphorical blood on her hands, leading to one of Shakespeares most famous lines; Out, damned spot! Out, out, I say. The multiple references of blood aid the powerful vision of evil. Pathetic fallacy plays a part in the continuous aspects of evil. The natural world mimics the real world when Macbeth ruthlessly murders Duncan; Theres husbandry in heaven, their candles are all out. This unnatural darkness symbolises the unnatural killing of a decent, well-liked King. Pathetic fallacies are used to reflect the events that happen during the night of Duncans murder. The unruliness of the night, the strange screams of death heard in the air, the feverous and shaking nature of the earth; these sinister personifications are all symbolic of the evil murder. Mastering the use of language, imagery and pathetic fallacy, Shakespeare presents us with a powerful vision of evil that is demonstrated from the beginning of Macbeth right up until the very end.